A History of Europe, Key Battles

13.4 The Battle of Civitate 1053 AD, Part 4

Jan. 25, 2015

In the first half of the eleventh century, the Normans gained much territory in Italy but in so doing had made many enemies. In 1054 Pope Leo IX brought together a force of Lombards, Germans and Byzantines to confront them. The Normans won an overwhelming victory and effectively conquered the southern half of the peninsula

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